The Arab world and the traditions of the holy month

The month of Ramadan is the most important month for Muslims in general, and in Arab countries where Muslims constitute the majority of the population. People's lives are drastically changing in this holy month, not only during fasting during the day, but also at night after breaking the fast. It is true that each country has its own traditions, and that there are sometimes local customs that belong to a region or even a city in this or that country, but there are common and similar traditions in all Arab countries. In this article, we first review the common traditions, then dedicate some Arab countries to presenting their customs and traditions, and conclude the article by detailing the spiritual aspect of the blessed month of Ramadan.

Ramadan in the Arab world is a time of spiritual and societal renewal and cultural celebration. From pre-dawn suhoor to festive iftar gatherings, Ramadan is a month full of cherished traditions that bring families and communities together in shared dedication and gratitude. When people fast from dawn to sunset, they draw closer to God through worship, reflection and charity, embodying the spirit of compassion and generosity that characterizes this holy month.

These traditions actually begin before the beginning of the month, as people wait for it weeks before it comes, and start their preparations for it by buying some basic items that are indispensable at every Ramadan table. This anticipation reaches its peak on the evening of the last day of the month of Sha'ban, when the observation of the crescent of Ramadan is one of the enjoyable activities, and the sighting of the crescent becomes the subject of almost endless social conversation. This social connection is what distinguishes the month of Ramadan from other months of the year.

But the month of Ramadan is not only a religious practice, but also a time of cultural enrichment and tradition, as Arab communities come together to celebrate their faith and heritage in a spirit of union and joy. It is also a time for self-discipline, empathy, spiritual growth, and fostering a sense of unity among people in the Arab world. The traditions followed during this holy month reflect the rich cultural and religious heritage that has been passed down through generations. Among these traditions we mention the following:

1. Family and community ties: Ramadan is the time when families and communities work to strengthen their ties. Families come together for breakfast, not only sharing meals, but also stories and experiences. The societal aspect extends beyond immediate family to include neighbors and friends. The act of breaking the fast with others promotes loneliness and solidarity among people.

2. Traditional and non-traditional foods and drinks: The culinary traditions during the month of Ramadan are varied and rich. Special dishes, savoury and sweet, are prepared for breakfast. Dates carry symbolic significance and are often the first food eaten. Different soups, local and non-local salads are enjoyed. This period is an opportunity for housewives to learn new dishes and try recipes that abound in television channels and websites. This new source of delicacies really creates a unique blend of flavours that reflect the cultural diversity within the Arab world.

3. Decorations and atmosphere: Cities and towns in the Arab world are undergoing a visual transformation during the month of Ramadan. The streets are decorated with colourful lights, intricate decorations and traditional lanterns. This vibrant atmosphere creates a clear sense of excitement and joy. The markets are bustling with activity as people prepare for Iftar and Eid celebrations, and the atmosphere fills the scent of special Ramadan dishes.

4. Think about thanksgiving and humility: The month of Ramadan is a time for reflection and gratitude. Fasting is not limited to abstaining from physical needs, but also requires reflection on human actions and behavior. The experience of hunger and thirst fosters empathy for those less fortunate, and fosters humility and a growing sense of compassion.

5. Eid al-Fitr: The end of the month of Ramadan is marked by the celebration of Eid al-Fitr, a joyful festival. Families gather together to celebrate, exchange gifts and enjoy festive meals. It is a time of joy, forgiveness and reconciliation. It organizes many events and activities, creating a festive atmosphere that extends beyond individual families.

Besides its religious significance, Ramadan is also a time of cultural celebration and tradition in the Arab world. Throughout the month, cities and neighborhoods come alive with vibrant decorations, colourful lights and festive displays, creating a sense of joy and excitement in the air. Streets and markets are bustling with people shopping for special foods and sweets, adding to the festive atmosphere for the month. In many Arab countries, Ramadan is also a time for special cultural performances and events. Traditional music, dance and storytelling are at the forefront, providing entertainment and fun for families and communities. In some areas, special Ramadan tents are set up where people gather to socialize, share meals and participate in cultural activities until late at night. These gatherings foster a sense of camaraderie and community spirit, bringing people together to celebrate their faith and shared heritage in a spirit of unity and joy.

In addition to the general traditions of the month of Ramadan, which are common to all Arab countries, there are customs specific to each region of the Arab world, especially dhikr, food and drink. Here are the most important customs broken down by region:

1. Egypt: In Egypt, special attention is paid to the famous dessert "Qatayef", a sweet pastry filled with nuts or cream, traditionally enjoyed during the month of Ramadan. Egyptians are famous for their elaborate street decorations, and the atmosphere in places like Cairo is particularly festive, adorning the streets, lights and colorful lanterns.

2. Gulf States: The Gulf countries have their own distinctive traditions. In Saudi Arabia, for example, the city of Mecca attracts millions of pilgrims during the month of Ramadan to perform Umrah. Breakfast in these areas often includes traditional dishes such as mash (a dish made from wheat and meat) and dates. Lavish displays of lights and decorations are common in cities like Riyadh and Dubai.

3. North Africa: Morocco is known for its rich culinary traditions during the month of Ramadan. The evening meal, known as "breakfast," usually begins with eating dates and drinking milk before moving on to a variety of dishes such as harira soup, pastries and couscous. In Algeria and Tunisia, breakfast often includes special dishes such as brik (stuffed pastries) and soups.

4. Syria: Syrian cuisine takes center stage during the month of Ramadan. Families prepare and enjoy traditional dishes such as fattoush, kibbeh and stuffed vine leaves. Soups such as lentil soup and kiosk are popular choices for breakfast. Desserts such as baklava and maarook add a touch of sweetness to your after-iftar meals. As for drinks, they are an essential aspect of breakfast, including Qamar al-Din, which is dried apricot infusion, in addition to licorice, tamarind and jallab.

5. Jordan and Palestine: In Jordan and Palestine, breakfast may include dishes such as mansaf, a traditional Jordanian dish made from lamb and yogurt, and maqloba, a Palestinian dish with layers of rice, vegetables and meat. The Old City of Jerusalem is particularly important during the month of Ramadan, with increased religious and cultural activities.

6. Lebanon: Lebanese cuisine plays an important role during the month of Ramadan. Families often prepare a variety of dishes, including tabbouleh, stuffed vine leaves and kibbeh. In Beirut and other Lebanese cities, the vibrant nightlife takes on a unique character during the month of Ramadan, with special events and cultural activities.

7. Sudan: One of the popular dishes during this month is "Al-Amina", a type of porridge made from milk, sugar and spices. Sudanese cities like Khartoum are known for their busy souks and vibrant Ramadan atmosphere.

8. Yemen: Yemeni traditions during the month of Ramadan often include eating unique dishes such as salad, a traditional Yemeni soup.

Food and drink aside, the spiritual dimension of Ramadan is certainly central to the celebration of this holy month across the Arab world. Here are some points that highlight this dimension:

1. Fasting itself: Fasting Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is an essential aspect of spiritual discipline. Muslims abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset. This self-discipline is not only a manifestation of obedience to God's command, but also a means of purifying oneself and developing self-control.

2. Increase worship: During the month of Ramadan, Muslims engage in a high level of spiritual activities. This includes increasing prayers, with Taraweeh prayers, an additional night prayer held in mosques. Quran recitation is particularly important during this month, as Muslims aim to complete the entire Bible by the end of the month.

3. Laylat al-Qadr: One of the most spiritually important nights in Ramadan is Laylat al-Qadr. It is the night when the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Muslims spend this night (during the last ten nights of Ramadan), with intense prayer, forgiveness and blessings.

4. Meditation and self-improvement: The month of Ramadan provides time dedicated to self-reflection and self-improvement. Muslims use this month to evaluate their actions, ask for forgiveness for past transgressions, and make decisions to make positive changes in their lives. The focus is on cultivating virtues such as patience, gratitude and compassion.

5. Charity (Zakat and Charity): Charity is a major theme in the month of Ramadan, emphasizing compassion and generosity towards those in need. Zakat al-Fitr, one of the five pillars of Islam, purifies the fasting and helps the less fortunate. In addition, voluntary charity, known as charity, is emphasized during this month.

6. Community: The month of Ramadan brings people together in prayer and shared experiences. The collective aspect of breakfast with family and friends enhances the feeling of unity and brotherhood. Mosques become central centres of collective worship, and a sense of belonging to a larger spiritual community is fostered.

7. Thanksgiving and humility: Fasting Ramadan cultivates thanksgiving for the blessings of livelihood and creates empathy for those who are less fortunate. The experience of hunger and thirst is a reminder of dependence on God and the need for humility. People express gratitude for the judgments of life and are aware of the temporary nature of worldly desires. At its core, the spiritual aspect of Ramadan is characterized by a deep connection to God, self-reflection, acts of worship, and a commitment to personal and societal improvement. It is a time of spiritual renewal, forgiveness, and seeking God's mercy and guidance.

In conclusion, Ramadan traditions in the Arab world include a rich tapestry of cultural, spiritual and societal practices. It is a time when people come together to share, meditate and strengthen their relationships with the Lord of the worlds, as well as with each other.